Coolio
May 18th, 2004, 10:19 PM
Can anyone explain this a bit more?, cuz i dont find any information.
View Full Version : Hypernovas
MetalMilitia
May 18th, 2004, 10:29 PM
Have you checked out our main page?
http://www.armageddononline.org/
What is a Hypernova?
A hypernova is the most destructive force in this universe. The power is almost incomprehensible and they seem to produce so much energy they defy the laws of physics. When one sets off it is the brighter than everything else you can see in the sky.
One hypernova releases millions of times more light than the all of the billions of stars in our galaxy put together.
What causes hypernovae?
Hypernovae are, like supernovae, formed from dying stars. In supernovae, a star grows rapidly, into a huge star called a red giant, but runs out of fuel. This means it suddenly collapses into a dense core, but then explodes outwards releasing a tremendous amount of energy. This blasts of the outer parts, leaving a neutron star. This doe not happen with most stars; only very heavy stars have sufficient energy for this.
A supernova is awesomely powerful, but nothing compared to a hypernova. Hypernova are only formed by incredibly heavy and fast burning stars. A normal star may live for 10 billion years, but one that will become a hypernova will collapse in just 1 million. To burn this quickly they need a huge amount of fuel. The stars find this in what are called 'stellar nurseries', huge clouds of gas that combine to form stars. If a star can get enough gas it will have enough fuel to go through its whole life cycle in a tiny fraction of other stars. To do this these stars need to be around 20x the mass of our sun.
Unlike in a supernova the outer layers of the star are not blown off in an explosion. Instead, the star has so much gravity, because of its mass, that it continues to contract very rapidly. This converts all the gravitational potential energy of the star into heat and light. All the energy in the largest type of star is quickly converted into a form of radiation called 'gamma rays', and then unleashed on the rest of the universe. The effect of these is therefore called a 'gamma ray burst' (GRB). What is left behind is an incredibly dense lump of matter, called a black hole.
What would happen if a hypernovae occurred near Earth?
Here, 'near' is a relative term. 300 light years (almost 10,000 billion kilometres) is close enough for it to appear 1,000,000 times brighter than the sun. The destruction would be total: it would be like 1 million 1-megaton hydrogen bombs going off all over the world at once. That is very approximately 100 times the entire world's nuclear arsenal. The first thing that would happen would be that the enormous heat would convert the nitrogen in the upper atmosphere to nitrous oxides.
This would destroy the ozone layer that protects us from ultra violet light. Then the rest of the atmosphere would become superheated. It would be like Hiroshima all over the world. This would also trigger other forms of destruction: the high temperatures would cause cyclones, tsunamis and hurricanes all over the Earth.
An electro-magnetic pulse would also hit. If enough energy is released without there being matter to absorb it, it is converted to electro-magnetic energy. The size of the pulse from a hypernova would instantly destroy every electronic circuit on one half of the Earth.
The effect on the earth would be identical to a microwave. Invisible and silent rays would roast the atmosphere. If you were deep underground you could survive all this. But then what? All the plants and livestock would have burnt to death and going outside would be impossible because with no ozone layer, our own sun would continually bombard us with harmful rays. Most importantly of all, all the algae would die. Algae are tiny organism that produce most of the Earth's oxygen and are at the bottom of the food chain. With these dead, what life remained on Earth would slowly starve or choke to death. Earth would become a scorched, dead, uninhabitable planet.
There is absolutely no defence to any of this. We wouldn't even see it coming, as the gamma rays travel at the speed of light so the first time we detected them would be when they hit us.
How often to hypernovae occur?
Hypernovae occur frighteningly often. Every night more and more gamma ray bursts are located across the universe. They are so powerful we can see them 10 billion light years away, on the other side of the space. At this distance they are no threat, but if one were to occur even a few thousand light years away then the ozone layer would be destroyed and EMP would fry every electronic circuit on one half of the planet. Hypernovae are constantly occurring all over the universe, one day our luck will run out.
http://www.armageddononline.org/
What is a Hypernova?
A hypernova is the most destructive force in this universe. The power is almost incomprehensible and they seem to produce so much energy they defy the laws of physics. When one sets off it is the brighter than everything else you can see in the sky.
One hypernova releases millions of times more light than the all of the billions of stars in our galaxy put together.
What causes hypernovae?
Hypernovae are, like supernovae, formed from dying stars. In supernovae, a star grows rapidly, into a huge star called a red giant, but runs out of fuel. This means it suddenly collapses into a dense core, but then explodes outwards releasing a tremendous amount of energy. This blasts of the outer parts, leaving a neutron star. This doe not happen with most stars; only very heavy stars have sufficient energy for this.
A supernova is awesomely powerful, but nothing compared to a hypernova. Hypernova are only formed by incredibly heavy and fast burning stars. A normal star may live for 10 billion years, but one that will become a hypernova will collapse in just 1 million. To burn this quickly they need a huge amount of fuel. The stars find this in what are called 'stellar nurseries', huge clouds of gas that combine to form stars. If a star can get enough gas it will have enough fuel to go through its whole life cycle in a tiny fraction of other stars. To do this these stars need to be around 20x the mass of our sun.
Unlike in a supernova the outer layers of the star are not blown off in an explosion. Instead, the star has so much gravity, because of its mass, that it continues to contract very rapidly. This converts all the gravitational potential energy of the star into heat and light. All the energy in the largest type of star is quickly converted into a form of radiation called 'gamma rays', and then unleashed on the rest of the universe. The effect of these is therefore called a 'gamma ray burst' (GRB). What is left behind is an incredibly dense lump of matter, called a black hole.
What would happen if a hypernovae occurred near Earth?
Here, 'near' is a relative term. 300 light years (almost 10,000 billion kilometres) is close enough for it to appear 1,000,000 times brighter than the sun. The destruction would be total: it would be like 1 million 1-megaton hydrogen bombs going off all over the world at once. That is very approximately 100 times the entire world's nuclear arsenal. The first thing that would happen would be that the enormous heat would convert the nitrogen in the upper atmosphere to nitrous oxides.
This would destroy the ozone layer that protects us from ultra violet light. Then the rest of the atmosphere would become superheated. It would be like Hiroshima all over the world. This would also trigger other forms of destruction: the high temperatures would cause cyclones, tsunamis and hurricanes all over the Earth.
An electro-magnetic pulse would also hit. If enough energy is released without there being matter to absorb it, it is converted to electro-magnetic energy. The size of the pulse from a hypernova would instantly destroy every electronic circuit on one half of the Earth.
The effect on the earth would be identical to a microwave. Invisible and silent rays would roast the atmosphere. If you were deep underground you could survive all this. But then what? All the plants and livestock would have burnt to death and going outside would be impossible because with no ozone layer, our own sun would continually bombard us with harmful rays. Most importantly of all, all the algae would die. Algae are tiny organism that produce most of the Earth's oxygen and are at the bottom of the food chain. With these dead, what life remained on Earth would slowly starve or choke to death. Earth would become a scorched, dead, uninhabitable planet.
There is absolutely no defence to any of this. We wouldn't even see it coming, as the gamma rays travel at the speed of light so the first time we detected them would be when they hit us.
How often to hypernovae occur?
Hypernovae occur frighteningly often. Every night more and more gamma ray bursts are located across the universe. They are so powerful we can see them 10 billion light years away, on the other side of the space. At this distance they are no threat, but if one were to occur even a few thousand light years away then the ozone layer would be destroyed and EMP would fry every electronic circuit on one half of the planet. Hypernovae are constantly occurring all over the universe, one day our luck will run out.
MR.G
May 18th, 2004, 10:45 PM
They are a factor in why many scientists think there is only a limited zone of possible life in any galaxy. Too close to the center and these firecrackers go off far too regularily and with the density of stars if there is any life forming on any planets withing a couple of thousand light years they get "defrosted" as explained above. Mostly gamma rays would sterilize all forms of what we consider life.
Out here on the edge of the galaxy there is a much better chance that if one of these does pop it'll be far enough away just based on the law of averages and the fact that there are only a few dozen star systems within 1,000 light years of our sun.
I firmly believe that given the tiniest chance of life forming , it will. Life is likely popping up all over the galaxies. It is the NORM and not the exception however the reality of things is that our galaxy ain't all that friendly to life. If there are very few advanced species in our galaxy (and I certainly don't include us in that list) it is because they got cooked somewhere along the line by a neighbor star burping enouigh gamma at them to wipe out ALL life within 100 or 10,000 nearby systems.
Nothing personal. Shit happens. :yikes:
Out here on the edge of the galaxy there is a much better chance that if one of these does pop it'll be far enough away just based on the law of averages and the fact that there are only a few dozen star systems within 1,000 light years of our sun.
I firmly believe that given the tiniest chance of life forming , it will. Life is likely popping up all over the galaxies. It is the NORM and not the exception however the reality of things is that our galaxy ain't all that friendly to life. If there are very few advanced species in our galaxy (and I certainly don't include us in that list) it is because they got cooked somewhere along the line by a neighbor star burping enouigh gamma at them to wipe out ALL life within 100 or 10,000 nearby systems.
Nothing personal. Shit happens. :yikes:
LC Jeffries
May 18th, 2004, 11:08 PM
:Bow: :pray: :dead:
playmaker88
May 19th, 2004, 7:12 AM
http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/astronomy/milan_eta_carinae_000307.html
http://www.ratatak.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=93
http://www.xs4all.nl/~carlkop/twins.html
Eta Carinae is 7500 light years away and apparently in its death throws. It is not known how much effect this star would have on Earth. It could explode tonight, it could take another million years. No one is certain. We only know that it is going to happen and it is going to be spectacular.
http://www.ratatak.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=93
http://www.xs4all.nl/~carlkop/twins.html
Eta Carinae is 7500 light years away and apparently in its death throws. It is not known how much effect this star would have on Earth. It could explode tonight, it could take another million years. No one is certain. We only know that it is going to happen and it is going to be spectacular.
Ghostrider ESP
May 19th, 2004, 7:27 AM
I thought the distance of 7500 light years was a major factor but they think this one could be so big as to do some damage. Should be one hell of a firework display anyway.
Red Shift
May 19th, 2004, 10:59 AM
Eta Carinae is 7500 light years away and apparently in its death throws. It is not known how much effect this star would have on Earth. It could explode tonight, it could take another million years. No one is certain. We only know that it is going to happen and it is going to be spectacular.
Well by tonight i asume you mean we will see it tonight because it will have been thousands of years agofor us to see it tonight!
Not trying to be a smart arse just clearing it up for others!
Well by tonight i asume you mean we will see it tonight because it will have been thousands of years agofor us to see it tonight!
Not trying to be a smart arse just clearing it up for others!
playmaker88
May 19th, 2004, 11:32 AM
Yes, thanks Red Shift. I take your meaning. Do you fancy writing a little E-mail to the Goddard Space Center for their comment too concerning
"Like the eruption in the 1840's (WRONG) that created its stunning dumbbell shaped nebula". Space.com will need one as well. That'll teach me for quoting so-called experts.
I'm sure all the OTHERS are grateful for pointing out the situation regarding time and light and distance too. It's somehow reassuring to know that something that happened thousands of years ago could kill me tonight. I will endeavour to put some thought into my future posts. :blush:
"Like the eruption in the 1840's (WRONG) that created its stunning dumbbell shaped nebula". Space.com will need one as well. That'll teach me for quoting so-called experts.
I'm sure all the OTHERS are grateful for pointing out the situation regarding time and light and distance too. It's somehow reassuring to know that something that happened thousands of years ago could kill me tonight. I will endeavour to put some thought into my future posts. :blush:
Coolio
May 19th, 2004, 3:43 PM
Ok guys, ty very much for the info.
MR.G
May 25th, 2004, 8:56 AM
Theoretcially there are particles that travel faster than light. I wonder what would happen if somebody detected a massive burst of these particles eminating from - say Eta Carinae - what then??
We'd know there is a lethal dose of gamma, etc. headed this way. We can determine how far behind the light speed shit is and we know that it will cook us when it gets here. If the warning burst was years ahead of the nasties then we could all go u/ground along with a Noah's Cave(s) for plants and animals. If it was only days or weeks though ....? Would anybody survive? Would anybody want to.
Me thinks that in 40 million years there'd be BUGS driving around in VWs!!
We'd know there is a lethal dose of gamma, etc. headed this way. We can determine how far behind the light speed shit is and we know that it will cook us when it gets here. If the warning burst was years ahead of the nasties then we could all go u/ground along with a Noah's Cave(s) for plants and animals. If it was only days or weeks though ....? Would anybody survive? Would anybody want to.
Me thinks that in 40 million years there'd be BUGS driving around in VWs!!
Zyztem
May 25th, 2004, 8:29 PM
Correct me if I'm wrong, but wasn't there a nova burst sometime in the middle ages? If I remember correctly, it was bright enough to be visible during the day... I know it's not a Hypernova, as we are obviously on this chunk of rock, but this thread rang that bell.
I seem to recall reading as well, that they too, thought that was the end.
Any takers on this one?
I seem to recall reading as well, that they too, thought that was the end.
Any takers on this one?
Doomer
May 25th, 2004, 8:43 PM
Correct me if I'm wrong, but wasn't there a nova burst sometime in the middle ages? If I remember correctly, it was bright enough to be visible during the day... I know it's not a Hypernova, as we are obviously on this chunk of rock, but this thread rang that bell.
I seem to recall reading as well, that they too, thought that was the end.
Any takers on this one?
Could you be referring to the Super Nova of 1054? If so then it would be called the Crab Nebula today.
I seem to recall reading as well, that they too, thought that was the end.
Any takers on this one?
Could you be referring to the Super Nova of 1054? If so then it would be called the Crab Nebula today.
stewey
May 25th, 2004, 10:36 PM
I have done a lot of research on Eta Carinae, even emailed many astrophysicists and such. Eta Carinae will more than likely not harm us, as it is much too far away. The people I talked to said that you would probably have to be within 1000 light years in order to even notice any sort of change within a planets atmosphere similar to Earth. At very worst, satellites and such may have a few problems, but that is worst case scenerio. However, it will make for a very beautiful sight if you are in the Southern hemisphere!
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